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从实作标题栏按钮开始浅谈组件的制作

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开发组件的过程,其实就是从某一对象派生出一个新的对象,并且为该对象声明新的属性、方法和事件。下面我将通过制作一个标题栏按钮来讲述如何制作组件。



       标题栏按钮组件TTitleBarButton以TComponent为直接继承对象,它是一个可以在窗体标题栏上显示按钮的组件,像最大化、最小化和关闭按钮等。最新的Winamp MP3播放器,它有一个插件可以在任何窗体上显示一排播放按钮,我想通过下面的技术也可以实现。







1、首性确定组件的属性。属性是组件的重要组成部分,它相当于组件的门面,因为一旦一个组件被置于窗体中时,用户必然想到去设置组件的各种属性,编写各种事件的处理过程。TTitleBarButton有以下属性:



Color:用来决定按钮表面的颜色。



Glyph:用来决定按钮表面的图片。



PopupMenu:用来决定右键单击按钮时的弹出菜单。



RightMargin:用来确定按钮的位置,以窗体右边界为基准。



Visible:用来决定按钮是否可见。



2、确定组件的方法。方法是组件的基本构成部分之一,在编写方法时,尽量减少方法间的依赖关系,并确定方法的可见度,以及是否为虚函数等。在本例中,主要方法如下:



function GetBoundsRect: TRect;   用来确定按钮的边界矩形,可见度为private



procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage);  窗体的新的窗口过程,private



procedure Paint; virtual; 该类的继承者可以override该方法,但用户不能直接调该方法



procedure Repaint; 是Paint方法的对外接口,用户可以调用此方法,以强制重新画按钮



3、确定组件的事件。事件实际上是一种特殊的属性,它也是组件的很重要组成部分,事件为组件响应系统发生的行为而执行的一段代码连接。事件就是方法指针,是方法的触发器。TtitleBarButton只有一个事件:



OnClick事件,用来响应用户的Click事件代码。







另外,要减少组件的依赖关系。使一个组件在执行其代码时所受的约束尽可能地少,这是开发组件的一个主要目标,它也是衡量一个组件性能好坏的重要标准之一。







实现标题栏按钮需要解决以下主要问题:



1、  如何确定按钮的边界,即Left,Top,Width,Height



通过GetWindowRect来取得窗体的边界矩形,通过GetSystemMetrics取得窗体的框架宽度和标题栏按钮的高度、宽度。再加上RightMargin属性就可以基本上确定按钮的边界了。



2、  如何画按钮的外观(包括按下和凸起)



通过GetWindowDC来取得窗体DC(包括标题栏、菜单、滚动条等),我们就可以在这个DC上画按钮了。



3、  如何让按钮响应消息(比如Click,单击右键弹出菜单等)



我们可以通过GetWindowLong取得窗体的窗口过程,然后把我们新定义的窗口过程通过SetWindowLong给这个窗体,然后我们在自己的窗口过程中来让按钮响应消息。











全部代码如下:



unit TitleBarButton;







interface







uses



  Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, Menus, Dialogs;







type







  TTitleBarButton = class(TComponent)



  private



    FColor: TColor;



    FGlyph: TBitmap;



    FForm: TCustomForm;



    FOldWndProc: Pointer;



    FButtonDown: Boolean;



    FVisible: Boolean;



    FRightMargin: Cardinal;



    FPopup: TPopupMenu;



    FOnClick: TNotifyEvent;



    procedure SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap);



    procedure SetVisible(const Value: Boolean);



    procedure SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal);



    function GetBoundsRect: TRect;



    procedure NewWndProc(var message: TMessage);



  protected



    procedure Notification(Component: TComponent;Operation: TOperation); override;



    procedure Paint; virtual;



  public



    constructor Create(AOwner: TComponent); override;



    destructor Destroy; override;



    procedure Repaint;



    property BoundsRect: TRect read GetBoundsRect;



  published



    property Color: TColor read FColor write FColor default clBtnFace;



    property Glyph: TBitmap read FGlyph write SetGlyph;



    property PopupMenu: TPopupMenu read FPopup write FPopup;



    property RightMargin: Cardinal read FRightMargin write SetRightMargin default 66;



    property Visible: Boolean read FVisible write SetVisible default False;



    property OnClick: TNotifyEvent read FOnClick write FOnClick;



  end;







procedure Register;







implementation







procedure Register;



begin



  RegisterComponents('Liao', [TTitleBarButton]);



end;







{ TTitleBarButton }







constructor TTitleBarButton.Create(AOwner: TComponent);



var



  ptr: Pointer;



begin



  inherited;



  FForm := GetParentForm(TControl(AOwner));



  FGlyph := TBitmap.Create;



  FColor := clBtnFace;



  FVisible := False;



  FRightMargin := 66;



  FButtonDown := False;



  FOldWndProc := Pointer(GetWindowLong(FForm.Handle,GWL_WNDPROC));



  ptr := MakeObjectInstance(NewWndProc);



  SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, Longint(ptr));



end;







destructor TTitleBarButton.Destroy;



begin



  if not (csDestroying in FForm.ComponentState) then



  begin



    SetVisible(false);



    SetWindowLong(FForm.Handle, GWL_WNDPROC, LongInt(FOldWndProc));



  end;



  FGlyph.Free;



  inherited;



end;







procedure TTitleBarButton.NewWndProc(var message: TMessage);







  function HitButton(APoint: TPoint): Boolean;



  begin



    APoint.x := APoint.x - FForm.Left;



    APoint.y := APoint.y - FForm.Top;



    Result := PtInRect(BoundsRect,APoint);



  end;







var



  p: TPoint;



begin



  with message do



  begin



    if Visible then



    begin



      case Msg of



        WM_NCPAINT , WM_NCACTIVATE :



          begin



            Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);



            RePaint;



          end;



        WM_NCHITTEST :



          begin



            Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);







            if Result = HTCAPTION then



            begin



              RePaint;



              p.x := LoWord(LParam);



              ScreenToClient(FForm.Handle,p);



              with BoundsRect do                  //减去框架宽度



                if (p.x >= Left-4) and (p.x <= Right-4) then Result := 888;



            end;



          end;



        WM_NCLBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCLBUTTONDBLCLK:



          begin



            Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);



            with TWMNCLButtonDown(message) do



              if not HitButton(Point(XCursor, YCursor)) then Exit;







            if WParam = 888 then



            begin



              FButtonDown := True;



              Repaint;



              SetCapture(FForm.Handle);



            end;



          end;



        WM_NCRBUTTONDOWN,WM_NCRBUTTONDBLCLK:



          begin



            if WParam = 888 then



            begin



              if Assigned(FPopup) then



              begin



                p.x := FForm.Left + BoundsRect.Left;



                p.y := FForm.Top + BoundsRect.Bottom;



                FPopup.Popup(p.x,p.y);



              end;



            end



            else



              Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);



          end;



        WM_NCLBUTTONUP,WM_LBUTTONUP :



          begin



            if FButtonDown then



            begin



              FButtonDown := False;



              RePaint;



              ReleaseCapture;



              if Assigned(FOnClick) then FOnClick(self);



            end



            else



              Result:=CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);



          end;



        else



          Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);



      end;



    end



    else



      Result := CallWindowProc(FOldWndProc,FForm.Handle,Msg,WParam,LParam);



  end;



end;







procedure TTitleBarButton.SetGlyph(const Value: TBitmap);



begin



  FGlyph.Assign(Value);



  SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0);



end;







procedure TTitleBarButton.SetRightMargin(const Value: Cardinal);



begin



  FRightMargin := Value;



  SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0);



end;







procedure TTitleBarButton.SetVisible(const Value: Boolean);



begin



  FVisible := Value;



  SendMessage(FForm.Handle,WM_NCACTIVATE,0,0);



end;







procedure TTitleBarButton.Notification(Component: TComponent;



  Operation: TOperation);



begin



  inherited;



  if (Operation = opRemove) and (Component = FPopup) then



    FPopup := nil;



end;







function TTitleBarButton.GetBoundsRect: TRect;



var



  Rec: TRect;



  FrameThick: Integer; //窗体框架厚度



  BtnWidth,BtnHeight: Integer; //标题栏按钮的宽度和高度



begin



  GetWindowRect(FForm.Handle,Rec); //得到窗体边界矩形,相对于屏幕左上角







  with Result do



  begin



    FrameThick := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYFRAME);



    Left := (Rec.Right - Rec.Left) - RightMargin - FrameThick;



    Top := FrameThick;



    if FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin, bsSizeable] then



    begin



      Dec(Left, 2); Inc(Top, 2);



    end



    else begin



      Dec(Left); Inc(Top);



    end;



    if (FForm.Borderstyle in [bsSizeToolWin,bsToolWindow]) then



    begin



      BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSMSIZE) - 2;



      BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSMSIZE) - 4;



    end



    else begin



      BtnWidth := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSIZE) - 2;



      BtnHeight := GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSIZE) - 4;



    end;



    Right := Left + BtnWidth;



    Bottom := Top + BtnHeight;



  end;



end;







procedure TTitleBarButton.Paint;



var



  GlyphRect: TRect;



begin



  if not FVisible then Exit;



  with TCanvas.Create do



  begin



    try



      Handle := GetWindowDC(FForm.Handle); //得到窗体DC,包括标题栏、菜单、滚动条等







      Brush.Color := FColor;         //画Button凸起和按下时的外观



      if FButtonDown then



        Pen.Color := clBtnHighlight



      else



        Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow;



      Rectangle(BoundsRect);



      with BoundsRect do



      begin



        if FButtonDown then



          Pen.Color := cl3DDkShadow



        else



          Pen.Color := clBtnHighLight;



        MoveTo(Left,Bottom-2);



        LineTo(Left,Top);



        LineTo(Right-1,Top);



        Pen.Color := clGray;



        if FButtonDown then



        begin



          MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-3);



          LineTo(Left+1,Top+1);



          LineTo(Right-2,Top+1);



        end



        else begin



          MoveTo(Left+1,Bottom-2);



          LineTo(Right-2,Bottom-2);



          LineTo(Right-2,Top);



        end;



      end;







      if Assigned(Glyph) then      //如果关联了图片,则画图片



      begin



        GlyphRect := BoundsRect;



        GlyphRect.Right := GlyphRect.Right - 7;



        GlyphRect.Bottom := GlyphRect.Bottom - 5;



        if FButtonDown then



          OffsetRect(GlyphRect,4,3)



        else



          OffsetRect(GlyphRect,3,2);







        with GlyphRect do



          StretchBlt(Handle, Left, Top, Right-Left, Bottom-Top,



            FGlyph.Canvas.Handle, 0, 0, FGlyph.Width, FGlyph.Height, srcCopy);



      end;



    finally



      ReleaseDC(FForm.Handle,Handle);



      Free;



    end;



  end;



end;

procedure TTitleBarButton.Repaint;

begin

  Paint;

end;

end.

另外,还可以对这个组件进一步扩展,扩展其它任一窗体,只要知道了窗体的Handle就行了。

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